Global groundwater nitrate pollution by source

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Croplands accounted for 60 percent of anthropogenic nitrate contamination in groundwater in 2018. This was mainly caused by the overuse and improper timing of fertilizer applications. The second main source of nitrate contamination in groundwater was domestic wastewater and septic tanks.

Distribution of anthropogenic sources of nitrate contamination in groundwater worldwide in 2018

Characteristic	Share of groundwater contamination
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Release date

2021

More information

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

2018

Supplementary notes

Cropland: Overuse and improper timing of fertilizer applications are the source of most nitrates in groundwater.
Deforestation: Deforestation reduces the ability of soils to retain nitrogen in rainfall.
Domestic wastewater and septic tanks: In areas with large numbers of people, faecal waste is the major source of nitrate pollution.
Industrial waste: Several industries use various nitrogen-containing compounds. Improper disposal of waste material may add to nitrate concentration in groundwater.

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