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Education in Vietnam - statistics & facts

Since the economic reforms in the 1980s, Vietnam has transitioned to a socialist-oriented market economy. Together with the privatization and restructuring of state-owned companies, the reforms have led to a continuously growing GDP for Vietnam since then. The economic growth has enabled the country to invest more in its education sector to improve the quality of the labor force. As a result, the recurrent expenditure on education and training has been increasing fast in recent years, accounting for approximately four percent of Vietnam’s GDP in 2021.

Education system in Vietnam

Managed by the Ministry of Education and Training, the education system in Vietnam consists of both public and private institutions. Although entering pre-school or kindergarten is the first stage of education for many children, the mandatory level of schooling usually starts from the age of six to seven years and consists of twelve years of education. This is divided into five years of primary education, four years of secondary education, and three years of upper secondary level. Upon entering upper secondary schools, students have the option to enroll in gifted education institutions. The curriculum from these institutions has a stronger focus on a designated subject, such as English, Literature, or Mathematics, but getting into one requires sitting for a highly-competitive additional high school entrance exam. General high schools also offer science-based, arts, and humanities specializations that are particularly relevant for students who want to pursue further education. The formal education program concludes with the National High School Graduation Examination (NHSGE), the results from which determine the entrance to universities.  

Outstanding issues and outlook of the education system in Vietnam

Vietnam’s rigorous education system has led to some health and social issues. Depression and anxiety have become more prevalent among young people, leading to overall higher suicide rates in the last decade. Meanwhile, education is perceived to be among the most corrupted sectors in Vietnam. Despite several drawbacks from the education system, it has led to positive improvements in human capital. Vietnam has a relatively high literacy rate of over 95 percent, one of the highest in the Asia Pacific region. In addition, the country has been recording an increasing amount of capital investment into digital education startups. With a young, digital-savvy population, online education is expected to have a more significant role in the future in the country.
This text provides general information. Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date data than referenced in the text.
Published by Minh-Ngoc Nguyen, Dec 21, 2023

Key insights

Youth literacy rate in Vietnam
98.63%
Official entrance age to primary education in Vietnam
6 yrs
Expected years of schooling in Vietnam
12.9 yrs
Get more insights

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

GDP contribution of the education and training sector in Vietnam from 2015 to 2022

Education & Science

GDP contribution of education and training in Vietnam 2015-2022

Number of schools in Vietnam from 2016 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Educational Institutions & Market

Number of schools in Vietnam 2016-2022

Number of classrooms in schools in Vietnam from 2016 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Educational Institutions & Market

Number of classrooms in schools in Vietnam 2016-2022

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Overview

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Overview

Kindergarten

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Kindergarten

Primary education

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Primary education

Lower secondary education

5

Lower secondary education

Upper secondary education

5

Upper secondary education

Online education

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Online education

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